<br />
<b>Notice</b>:  Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called <strong>incorrectly</strong>. Translation loading for the <code>insert-headers-and-footers</code> domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the <code>init</code> action or later. Please see <a href="https://developer.wordpress.org/advanced-administration/debug/debug-wordpress/">Debugging in WordPress</a> for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in <b>/home/assomix/www/wp-includes/functions.php</b> on line <b>6131</b><br />
{"id":976,"date":"2023-07-16T20:42:50","date_gmt":"2023-07-16T18:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/?page_id=976"},"modified":"2023-07-17T11:24:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:24:20","slug":"construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/","title":{"rendered":"Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"976\" class=\"elementor elementor-976\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e692518 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e692518\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3bc90cb\" data-id=\"3bc90cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1f854c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a1f854c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-987\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-768x451.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1536x902.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-2048x1202.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aa5eb42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aa5eb42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32b0d4c\" data-id=\"32b0d4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f282925 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f282925\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Une tr\u00e8s forte mousson a englouti une grande partie du Pakistan l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier. L\u2019ouragan Ian, avec des rafales de vent allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 250 km\/h, a balay\u00e9 la Floride en septembre. Une s\u00e9cheresse sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a \u00e9touff\u00e9 l\u2019Europe enti\u00e8re tandis que de fortes temp\u00eates de gr\u00eale ont d\u00e9truit de nombreuses cultures agricoles autour de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. R\u00e9sultat, partout, des b\u00e2timents et infrastructures an\u00e9antis, des r\u00e9coltes disparues, des commer\u00e7ants d\u00e9munis et des familles jet\u00e9es sur les routes migratoires pour fuir des zones enti\u00e8res d\u00e9vast\u00e9es.<br><\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">En 20 ans, le co\u00fbt des indemnisations en France suite aux inondations, temp\u00eates et autres s\u00e9cheresses a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 largement les 50 milliards d\u2019euros. Ce chiffre ne cesse d\u2019augmenter et les projections pour les prochaines ann\u00e9es ne sont pas tr\u00e8s optimistes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Alors imaginons-nous dans 15 ans, le jour o\u00f9 nous entendrons cette phrase&nbsp;: Maman, elle ressemblera \u00e0 quoi ma maison quand je serai grand&nbsp;?<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Aujourd\u2019hui, nous sommes incapables de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question. Pourtant, nous avons tous entendu parler des alertes r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es des grandes organisations scientifiques, de l\u2019\u00e9mission des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et de la destruction irr\u00e9versible de certains \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes car les pays et les entreprises continuent \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier la croissance \u00e9conomique \u00e0 la protection de l\u2019environnement. Les cadres l\u00e9gislatifs et strat\u00e9giques des acteurs publics et priv\u00e9s (qu\u2019ils soient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale ou internationale) se r\u00e9v\u00e8lent insuffisants pour inverser cette tendance.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">De nouvelles perspectives<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Les individus sont de plus en plus sensibles aux transformations caus\u00e9es par le changement climatique, notamment en termes d\u2019habitat. Un nouveau domaine de recherche, la g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie, pourrait alors devenir essentiel dans l\u2019adaptation de notre vie \u00e0 l\u2019environnement. Le terme de \u00ab g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie \u00bb<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[1]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> recouvre un ensemble de technologies apparues dans le cadre de mesures envisag\u00e9es pour lutter \u00e0 l\u2019avenir contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique. Le but commun de ces technologies est de ralentir, voire de stopper le r\u00e9chauffement de la biosph\u00e8re par le biais d\u2019une manipulation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle globale du syst\u00e8me Terre. Les moyens envisag\u00e9s pour atteindre cet objectif peuvent \u00eatre class\u00e9s selon deux vis\u00e9es principales : soit l\u2019on agit sur le r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissement solaire, soit l\u2019on agit sur la concentration de CO2 dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Concr\u00e8tement, il faut adapter nos infrastructures et nos modes de production au climat \u00e0 venir : v\u00e9g\u00e9taliser les villes, isoler les logements non plus seulement du froid, mais aussi de la chaleur, prot\u00e9ger les r\u00e9seaux de transport et d\u2019\u00e9nergie contre les canicules, stopper les constructions en zone inondable, d\u00e9placer les cultures agricoles, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cette rupture pourrait \u00eatre favoris\u00e9e si la recherche en g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des laboratoires universitaires, des \u00c9tats, et obtient des investissements publics et priv\u00e9s cons\u00e9quents, permettant d\u2019importants progr\u00e8s techniques.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pour aborder quelques avanc\u00e9es en g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie, nous allons parler des questions de chaleur et de mont\u00e9e des eaux.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">La chaleur est un facteur de d\u00e9gradation de nos habitats actuels. Ces coups de chaud \u00e0 r\u00e9p\u00e9tition impactent fortement les b\u00e2timents : usure acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e des mat\u00e9riaux, dilatation, d\u00e9gradation des \u00e9quipements \u00e9lectriques, sans m\u00eame parler des impacts sur la sant\u00e9 et le confort.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pour les constructions face au soleil, il faut \u00e9viter les volets roulants, qui emp\u00eachent l\u2019air d\u2019entrer et chauffent au soleil. Il faut privil\u00e9gier les brise-soleils orientables, qui laissent passer la lumi\u00e8re, la vue et l\u2019air. La couleur des b\u00e2timents est \u00e9galement strat\u00e9gique. Il faut privil\u00e9gier des mat\u00e9riaux qui ont un alb\u00e9do positif. L&rsquo;alb\u00e9do est la part de rayonnement solaire renvoy\u00e9e dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re : il augmente quand la toiture est blanche. De nombreux urbanistes sugg\u00e8rent d\u2019arr\u00eater l\u2019usage de l\u2019enrob\u00e9, issu de la p\u00e9trochimie, pour pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer des b\u00e9tons clairs innovants, notamment \u00e0 base de coquille d\u2019hu\u00eetre. Lors de la construction de nouveaux quartiers, les architectes utilisent des logiciels qui calculent les d\u00e9placements de l\u2019air : si un immeuble emp\u00eache l\u2019air de circuler, on le d\u00e9place. De plus de plus de chercheurs posent la question de s\u2019inspirer des techniques traditionnelles des villes qui depuis des mill\u00e9naires apprivoisent les fortes temp\u00e9ratures. En effet, les vieilles villes des pays en r\u00e9gion aride ont construit des b\u00e2timents en ad\u00e9quation avec leur environnement. L\u2019id\u00e9e serait de retourner \u00e0 certaines pratiques ancestrales tout en utilisant certaines nouvelles technologies ayant fait leurs preuves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Aussi plusieurs villes font face \u00e0 ces catastrophes climatiques, notamment la hausse du niveau de l\u2019eau et la multiplication des crues<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[2]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Les mairies investissent donc dans un r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement de leur ville. On voit alors appara\u00eetre&nbsp;:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Des ponts plus longs afin d\u2019augmenter leur r\u00e9sistance,&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">La sur\u00e9l\u00e9vation des constructions,&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Le refus de reconstruire des habitations d\u00e9truites en zone inondable,&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Des b\u00e2timents sur pilotis,&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Un r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement total de certains quartiers laissant entrer l\u2019eau pour qu\u2019elle puisse ressortir naturellement au lieu de la forcer \u00e0 suivre un parcours type,&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Des trottoirs sur\u00e9lev\u00e9s et parall\u00e8le \u00e0 la rivi\u00e8re pour ne plus \u00eatre un obstacle en cas de cru<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Des volets pivotant rempla\u00e7ant les portes pour laisser passer l\u2019eau.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Le concept de r\u00e9silience<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">On voit alors que l\u2019objectif n\u2019est plus de se barricader et d\u2019\u00eatre dans le rejet de l\u2019environnement mais plut\u00f4t de construire autour et avec les \u00e9l\u00e9ments. En effet, c\u2019est lorsque la nature est priv\u00e9e de son cours qu\u2019elle fragilise nos infrastructures. Nous n\u2019emp\u00eacherons jamais la pluie de tomber ni le soleil de briller. C\u2019est le concept de r\u00e9silience<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[3]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. La r\u00e9silience est la capacit\u00e9 de tout syst\u00e8me urbain et de ses habitants \u00e0 affronter les crises et leurs cons\u00e9quences, tout en s\u2019adaptant positivement et en se transformant pour devenir p\u00e9renne. Ainsi, une ville r\u00e9siliente \u00e9value, planifie et prend des mesures pour se pr\u00e9parer et r\u00e9agir \u00e0 tous les al\u00e9as, qu&rsquo;ils soient soudains ou \u00e0 \u00e9volution lente, pr\u00e9vus ou non. Les villes r\u00e9silientes sont donc mieux \u00e0 m\u00eame de prot\u00e9ger et d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer la vie des gens, de s\u00e9curiser leurs acquis, de promouvoir un environnement favorable aux investissements et de favoriser les changements positifs. Cela implique de concevoir des b\u00e2timents capables d\u2019encaisser les chocs naturels. On peut pr\u00e9voir par exemple des \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui vont c\u00e9der plus rapidement et orienter les eaux vers les zones o\u00f9 les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts seront moindres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Afin de mieux comprendre les principes de la r\u00e9silience, \u00ab&nbsp;le petit trait\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience locale&nbsp;\u00bb publi\u00e9s en 2015 les pr\u00e9sentes sous 6 aspects imag\u00e9s par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la nature&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Le premier est la toile d\u2019araign\u00e9e : \u00e0 la fois robuste et souple.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Le roseau, qui plie mais ne rompt pas et r\u00e9cup\u00e8re sa forme rapidement.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Le c\u0153lacanthe, qui persiste sur Terre depuis 400 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es, symbole de soutenabilit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on, capable de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes situations en modifiant la couleur de ses pigments ou en se rendant invisible.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">La colonie de fourmis, auto-organis\u00e9e, qui r\u00e9sout des probl\u00e8mes complexes gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une multitude de comportements individuels simples qui font \u00e9merger une intelligence collective.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Et enfin, la chenille, qui quitte sa zone de confort et abandonne l\u2019environnement avec lequel elle \u00e9tait famili\u00e8re pour se transformer en papillon et \u00e9voluer dans un habitat totalement diff\u00e9rent.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Des organisations mondiales se positionnent en faveur de ce projet. Ainsi l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies a cr\u00e9\u00e9 ONU Habitat en 1977 avec pour objectif un meilleur avenir urbain. Sa mission est de promouvoir le d\u00e9veloppement durable des \u00e9tablissements humains sur le plan social et environnemental ainsi que l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un logement d\u00e9cent pour tous. Elle a \u00e9galement lanc\u00e9 un plan bas\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9silience des villes face aux cons\u00e9quences des catastrophes naturelles et anthropiques. Pour atteindre cet objectif, ONU-Habitat est convaincu qu\u2019il est essentiel de travailler directement avec les gouvernements locaux et leurs partenaires parce qu\u2019ils sont le niveau de gouvernance le plus proche des habitants<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[4]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Pour cette raison, il a lanc\u00e9 le Programme de Profilage de la R\u00e9silience Urbaine (CRPP en anglais) qui aide les gouvernements \u00e0 renforcer leurs comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9silience en \u00e9laborant un am\u00e9nagement urbain complet et global, en d\u00e9veloppant une approche de gestion, ainsi que des outils pour mesurer et d\u00e9tailler la r\u00e9silience de la ville face \u00e0 tous les types de risques. Une approche transversale et collective est n\u00e9cessaire pour articuler les outils et les plans existants dans une approche syst\u00e9mique.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Plusieurs auteurs de science-fiction\u202font aussi consid\u00e9r\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 pour l\u2019humanit\u00e9 de se pr\u00e9server de d\u00e9gradations environnementales majeures et irr\u00e9versibles gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la construction de cit\u00e9s-bulles, de villes sous cloche ou d\u2019\u00eeles artificielles qui couperaient la population de toute agression ext\u00e9rieure. Si le d\u00e9veloppement de tels projets reste encore tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9, notamment en raison des co\u00fbts techniques qu\u2019ils supposent, il ne rel\u00e8ve pas toutefois totalement de l\u2019imaginaire. Ainsi, Singapour n\u2019a eu de cesse d\u2019accro\u00eetre la superficie de son \u00eele pour y accueillir sa population. Aujourd\u2019hui motiv\u00e9s par des probl\u00e9matiques de logement et d\u2019habitabilit\u00e9, ces projets pourraient conna\u00eetre un regain d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat si la d\u00e9gradation de certains \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes s\u2019aggravait brutalement, par exemple si l\u2019air devenait difficilement respirable.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Vers un renforcement des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ces nouvelles technologies sont ainsi fortement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es au d\u00e9triment d\u2019investissements dans des solutions plus low-tech, ou d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie dirig\u00e9e vers la r\u00e9duction en amont des d\u00e9gradations climatiques et environnementales. Les logiques de progr\u00e8s et d\u2019innovation qui animent d\u00e9j\u00e0 la plupart des grands acteurs \u00e9conomiques mondiaux continuent \u00e0 pr\u00e9valoir, au risque d\u2019accentuer la fracture avec les territoires les plus d\u00e9munis.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ces solutions montreraient une fois de plus les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dans le monde. En effet, seuls les \u00e9tats les mieux dot\u00e9s en termes de moyens \u00e9conomiques et de savoir-faire technologique pourraient tenter de lancer les premiers mondes sous cloche.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Aujourd\u2019hui, nous sommes face \u00e0 un dilemme, construire en s\u2019adaptant aux nouvelles contraintes du r\u00e9chauffement climatique en investissant massivement dans des nouvelles technologies et m\u00e9thodes d\u2019urbanisme ou investir massivement dans la r\u00e9duction de notre empreinte \u00e9cologique pour \u00e9viter d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 ces nouvelles innovations. Finalement, est-ce \u00e0 la Maman de demain que l\u2019on doit poser la question&nbsp;?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-636f6da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"636f6da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight:normal;\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-8e2967cf-7fff-5fee-c4fa-5d04546b1984\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Manon Le Frapper<\/span><\/span><br><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37eb9d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"37eb9d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4889d17\" data-id=\"4889d17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bd8cb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bd8cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0451af3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0451af3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4d1fd\" data-id=\"5d4d1fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f85c07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f85c07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">[1] S\u00e9gur, M. (2021). 3. En 2050, \u00e9cologie de synth\u00e8se et g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie comme r\u00e9ponses aux d\u00e9gradations des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Dans C\u00e9cile D\u00e9saunay \u00e9d., Rapport Vigie 2020 : Sc\u00e9narios de rupture \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2040-2050 (p. 47\u201161). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/futu.desau.2020.01.0047\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/futu.desau.2020.01.0047<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">[2] Maret, I., &amp; Cadoul, T. (2008). R\u00e9silience et reconstruction durable : que nous apprend La Nouvelle-Orl\u00e9ans ? Annales de g\u00e9ographie, n\u00b0 663(5), 104\u2011124. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/ag.663.0104\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/ag.663.0104<\/span><\/a><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">[3] Minist\u00e8re de la transition \u00e9cologique et solidaire. (2017). La r\u00e9silience des territoires aux catastrophes (No 2552\u20112272). Consult\u00e9 le 26 juin 2023, \u00e0 l\u2019adresse <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecologie.gouv.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/Th%C3%A9ma%20-%20La%20r%C3%A9silience%20des%20territoires%20aux%20catastrophes.pdf\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.ecologie.gouv.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/Th%C3%A9ma%20-%20La%20r%C3%A9silience%20des%20territoires%20aux%20catastrophes.pdf<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">[4] La r\u00e9silience urbaine | UN-Habitat. (s. d.). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/fr\/node\/3774\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/fr\/node\/3774<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> <\/span><\/span><br><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b33ffb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b33ffb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d7c685\" data-id=\"7d7c685\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76371e5 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"76371e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-xl\" href=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/2023\/07\/13\/les-defis-du-dereglement-climatique\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-compass\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Retour \u00e0 la carte <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une tr\u00e8s forte mousson a englouti une grande partie du Pakistan l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier. L\u2019ouragan Ian, avec des rafales de vent allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 250 km\/h, a balay\u00e9 la Floride en septembre. Une s\u00e9cheresse sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a \u00e9touff\u00e9 l\u2019Europe enti\u00e8re tandis que de fortes temp\u00eates de gr\u00eale ont d\u00e9truit de nombreuses cultures agricoles autour de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-976","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes - Association MIND<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes - Association MIND\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une tr\u00e8s forte mousson a englouti une grande partie du Pakistan l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier. L\u2019ouragan Ian, avec des rafales de vent allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 250 km\/h, a balay\u00e9 la Floride en septembre. Une s\u00e9cheresse sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a \u00e9touff\u00e9 l\u2019Europe enti\u00e8re tandis que de fortes temp\u00eates de gr\u00eale ont d\u00e9truit de nombreuses cultures agricoles autour de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Association MIND\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-17T09:24:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes - Association MIND\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-16T18:42:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-17T09:24:20+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Association MIND\",\"description\":\"Manager l\u2019Innovation Nantaise de Demain\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes - Association MIND","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes - Association MIND","og_description":"Une tr\u00e8s forte mousson a englouti une grande partie du Pakistan l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier. L\u2019ouragan Ian, avec des rafales de vent allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 250 km\/h, a balay\u00e9 la Floride en septembre. Une s\u00e9cheresse sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a \u00e9touff\u00e9 l\u2019Europe enti\u00e8re tandis que de fortes temp\u00eates de gr\u00eale ont d\u00e9truit de nombreuses cultures agricoles autour de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/","og_site_name":"Association MIND","article_modified_time":"2023-07-17T09:24:20+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/","url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/","name":"Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes - Association MIND","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg","datePublished":"2023-07-16T18:42:50+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-17T09:24:20+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-karin-s-312997-1024x601.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/construire-des-habitat-perennes-face-aux-catastrophes-naturelles-de-plus-en-plus-presentes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Construire des habitat p\u00e9rennes face aux catastrophes naturelles de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/","name":"Association MIND","description":"Manager l\u2019Innovation Nantaise de Demain","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=976"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1153,"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/976\/revisions\/1153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}