<br />
<b>Notice</b>:  Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called <strong>incorrectly</strong>. Translation loading for the <code>insert-headers-and-footers</code> domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the <code>init</code> action or later. Please see <a href="https://developer.wordpress.org/advanced-administration/debug/debug-wordpress/">Debugging in WordPress</a> for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in <b>/home/assomix/www/wp-includes/functions.php</b> on line <b>6131</b><br />
{"id":959,"date":"2023-07-16T20:27:42","date_gmt":"2023-07-16T18:27:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/?page_id=959"},"modified":"2023-07-17T11:56:13","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:56:13","slug":"robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/","title":{"rendered":"Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"959\" class=\"elementor elementor-959\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-acb93c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"acb93c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38b9f02\" data-id=\"38b9f02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48a2982 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"48a2982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-972\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc67a4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc67a4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9090c0\" data-id=\"e9090c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ba0ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65ba0ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve; text-align: justify;\">Le rapport entre l\u2019humain et la machine, ou plus largement la technologie, peut para\u00eetre relativement simple. Pour nous d\u00e9velopper, nous adapter \u00e0 notre environnement, nous avons cr\u00e9\u00e9 des extensions de notre corps. Outils et savoir-faire, cet ensemble nous donne l\u2019occasion d\u2019aller plus loin que ce que nous permet notre existence premi\u00e8re. Dans cette logique la technologie est une alli\u00e9e, une aide pr\u00e9cieuse qui contribue \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution humaine.<br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve; text-align: justify;\">Pourtant, cette relation qui semble purement positive est parfois bien plus complexe. Sans aller jusqu\u2019aux technologies destructrices (armement) qui servent une partie de la population au d\u00e9triment d\u2019une autre, certaines machines ont un rapport conflictuel \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9.\u00a0<br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve; text-align: justify;\">\u00ab\u00a0Ils ont remplac\u00e9 les humains par des automates\u00a0\u00bb. Le XXIe si\u00e8cle conna\u00eet bien cette rengaine, une grande croyance qui suit l\u2019\u00e8re industrielle et qui revient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, clamant que l\u2019automatisation vole quelque chose \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9. La robotisation des lignes de production dans l\u2019industrie, l\u2019apparition des caisses automatiques dans le commerce et bient\u00f4t les intelligences artificielles dans le tertiaire\u2026 Les nouvelles technologies nous emplaceront-elles r\u00e9ellement\u00a0? Est-ce que les sc\u00e9narios de science-fiction pr\u00e9sentant un monde peupl\u00e9 de robots, IA et andro\u00efdes sont des pistes s\u00e9rieuses pour imaginer notre futur\u00a0?\u00a0<br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve; text-align: justify;\">Cette interrogation se pose notamment au regard de nos limites plan\u00e9taires, ces technologies novatrices sont-elles soutenables, surtout \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale\u00a0?\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 faire.<\/span><\/h3><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Les avanc\u00e9es technologiques sont de plus en plus pr\u00e9sentes. Sont-elles pour autant capable d\u2019exercer toutes nos t\u00e2ches, quotidiennes ou professionnelles\u00a0? La r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cette question fait encore beaucoup d\u00e9bat aupr\u00e8s des sp\u00e9cialistes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Prenons en particulier l\u2019exemple de l\u2019IA, qui peut \u00eatre vue comme une troisi\u00e8me vague d\u2019automatisation, touchant aux activit\u00e9s humaines n\u00e9cessitant un traitement cognitif (prise de d\u00e9cision ou raisonnement). Elle fait suite aux deux pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes vagues relatives aux t\u00e2ches manuelles dites sales\/dangereuses, puis \u00e0 celles r\u00e9p\u00e9titives et\/ou monotones<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[1]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">La question du remplacement g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 des humains par la technologie se pose r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement depuis la r\u00e9volution industrielle. Par exemple, au XIXe si\u00e8cle, des ouvriers pr\u00e8s de Manchester avaient bris\u00e9 les m\u00e9tiers \u00e0 tisser \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des machines par peur du ch\u00f4mage<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[2]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">. Effectivement, avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de cette technologie, il ne fallait plus que deux tisserands \u00e0 la place d\u2019une dizaine.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Concernant l\u2019IA, plusieurs \u00e9tudes se confrontent, les plus alarmistes pr\u00e9voyant une disparition massive des emplois<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[3]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[4]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">. Une des premi\u00e8res \u00e0 r\u00e9ellement retenir l\u2019attention est celle de Frey et Osborne en 2013<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[5]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">, qui explique que 47% des emplois existants aux Etats-Unis sont menac\u00e9s d\u2019automatisation totale. Certains domaines sont plus \u00e0 risque (transport, logistique, supports administratifs) mais m\u00eame les m\u00e9tiers dits tr\u00e8s qualifi\u00e9s pourraient \u00eatre touch\u00e9s (m\u00e9decins, comptables, juristes). Cette \u00e9tude reste n\u00e9anmoins fortement critiqu\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de l\u2019analyse simplifi\u00e9e des m\u00e9tiers impliqu\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Ainsi, selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente du forum \u00e9conomique mondial<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[6]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">, la part globale du \u00ab\u00a0travail\u00a0\u00bb r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par les machines va progressivement augmenter pour atteindre 52\u00a0% (48\u00a0% seront r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par l\u2019humain) alors qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui la r\u00e9partition est de 71\u00a0% pour l\u2019humain et de 29\u00a0% pour les machines.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">L\u2019impact de la technologie dans la sph\u00e8re professionnelle est donc difficilement pr\u00e9visible, toutefois il fait consensus qu\u2019il y aura bien des m\u00e9tamorphoses \u00e0 pr\u00e9voir, bien qu\u2019un remplacement complet des humains semble peu probable.<\/span><\/p><div><h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Un travail si cher\u00a0que cela ?\u00a0<\/span><\/h3><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Nous pouvons imbriquer deux questionnements suite aux pr\u00e9visions de l\u2019\u00e9tude du forum \u00e9conomique mondial qui pr\u00e9voit un basculement de 29% \u00e0 52% de la part de travail effectu\u00e9 par les machines. Ce changement de r\u00e9partition du travail va-t-il entra\u00eener une augmentation du ch\u00f4mage\u00a0? Les t\u00e2ches effectu\u00e9es par les machines manqueront-elles aux travailleurs fran\u00e7ais\u00a0? Nous pouvons \u00e9mettre l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que si les r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 ces deux interrogations sont n\u00e9gatives, alors l\u2019impact de la technologie dans le futur sera positif.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Bien que la croyance populaire d\u00e9veloppe l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019automatisation du travail entra\u00eene une hausse du ch\u00f4mage, dans les faits, on observe r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement l\u2019effet inverse. Selon le Forum \u00e9conomique mondial, d\u2019ici 2025, les technologies auront cr\u00e9\u00e9 au moins 12 millions d\u2019emplois de plus qu\u2019elles n\u2019en auront supprim\u00e9<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[7]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">. Effectivement, l\u2019automatisation permet souvent d\u2019augmenter la productivit\u00e9 et donc de faire baisser consid\u00e9rablement le prix de production d\u2019un produit. Dans le pass\u00e9, cela a r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement eu l\u2019effet de la mise en place de prix plus comp\u00e9titifs pour les clients, ce qui entra\u00eena une augmentation de la consommation. Les entreprises ont donc pu se d\u00e9velopper et embaucher de nouveaux employ\u00e9s pour les fonctions supports \u00e0 la production. Souvent, les postes supprim\u00e9s par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019une technologie sont compens\u00e9s par cette redynamisation de l\u2019entreprise. Une partie des nouveaux m\u00e9tiers est\u00a0 d\u2019ailleurs li\u00e9e directement \u00e0 la conception, l\u2019int\u00e9gration et l\u2019entretien des machines.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Pas d\u2019augmentation globale du ch\u00f4mage donc, mais il faut tout de m\u00eame consid\u00e9rer que les personnes qui occupaient les postes supprim\u00e9s ne sont bien souvent pas ceux qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront de la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux m\u00e9tiers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Comme mentionn\u00e9 ci-dessus, les deux premi\u00e8res phases d\u2019automatisations ont permis de remplacer des missions dangereuses ou monotones. On peut d\u2019ailleurs observer que malgr\u00e9 un taux de ch\u00f4mage \u00e9lev\u00e9 en France (8,8% fin 2018<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[8]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">), certaines entreprises rencontrent des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 recruter de nouveaux salari\u00e9s. Les raisons peuvent varier d\u2019un secteur \u00e0 l\u2019autre, mais les m\u00e9tiers les plus concern\u00e9s &#8211; couvreur qualifi\u00e9, aides \u00e0 domicile ou encore aides m\u00e9nag\u00e8res &#8211; restent des postes consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme p\u00e9nibles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Ainsi, le remplacement par les machines de ces t\u00e2ches peu pl\u00e9biscit\u00e9es par les fran\u00e7ais pourrait \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour les entreprises ayant besoin de ces m\u00e9tiers. Cela pourrait \u00e9galement cr\u00e9er une r\u00e9partition de l\u2019offre d\u2019emploi plus proche des attentes des salari\u00e9s, en supprimant les postes peu \u00e9panouissants en faveur de ceux plus cr\u00e9atifs. Pour cela, Stefano Scarpetta, directeur de l\u2019emploi \u00e0 l\u2019OCDE, recommande de veiller \u00e0 l\u2019adaptabilit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes scolaires et de formation pour que chaque travailleur ait la capacit\u00e9 de s\u2019adapter aux bouleversements d\u00fb aux \u00e9volutions des m\u00e9tiers (comme cit\u00e9 plus t\u00f4t)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[9]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Pour que l\u2019automatisation b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, il faut donc bien contr\u00f4ler son d\u00e9veloppement pour qu\u2019il aille dans la recherche de gain de conforts pour les humains, ceci pouvant \u00eatre r\u00e9gul\u00e9 et accompagn\u00e9 par les Etats afin d\u2019assurer le bien commun.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Les enjeux environnementaux.\u00a0<\/span><\/h3><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019un monde o\u00f9 la technologie effectuerait la totalit\u00e9 des t\u00e2ches humaines est un sujet d\u00e9licat. Sa vraisemblabilit\u00e9 diff\u00e8re beaucoup selon les \u00e9tudes et les facteurs pris en compte (avanc\u00e9e des technologies, mod\u00e8les \u00e9conomiques, objectifs soci\u00e9taux\u2026). Il reste un domaine qui pourrait \u00e0 l\u2019avenir avoir une grande influence sur l\u2019avanc\u00e9e de la technologie : les enjeux environnementaux.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Pour une machine (robot, ordinateur\u2026), la partie de son cycle de vie ayant le plus fort impact environnemental est souvent li\u00e9 \u00e0 sa r\u00e9alisation (Figure 1)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">. L\u2019utilisation de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res dont le cycle de vie entier est fortement impactant (de l\u2019extraction au recyclage, en passant par la\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve; text-align: justify;\">mise en forme et le transport) est donc une question primordiale. Si on ne se concentre que sur les m\u00e9taux, qui constituent une des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res principales, on se rend compte qu\u2019une automatisation globale ne serait pas tenable au vu des ressources disponibles sur notre plan\u00e8te. <\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"font-size: 16px; background-color: transparent; white-space-collapse: preserve; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.00410727px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/i1l2lBYA-37erbZHL4anrGhh4pX4_x96S41Ggm_1TFpkkZ8CBZ0tXUN5toUQU3HqMLxuAx8qarXMFxZuuKWfgaGFKR7dc_7wlByhD1dk2Mm_sagJKZ5ctbdArlIPrDsAaMMq2vIz3pjfEPKwQAopt10\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pauli\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCache\\Content.Word\\ti-s7714-nv179481298116-web-768.png\" width=\"605\" height=\"410.7271957397461\" \/><\/p><div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal;\">Figure 1 &#8211; Cycle de vie d&rsquo;un robot (hors process \u2013 ACV faite sur un cycle de douze ans)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[10]<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">\u00a0En effet, une trentaine de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res strat\u00e9giques pour notre \u00e9conomie sont actuellement consid\u00e9r\u00e9es en risque de p\u00e9nurie<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[11]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">. On parle notamment des m\u00e9taux critiques (lithium, titane, cobalt, baryte\u2026) dont 17 terres rares (scandium, yttrium, c\u00e9rium&#8230;) qui sont primordiales dans notre r\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique (fabrication d\u2019ordinateurs, batteries, robotique, drones\u2026). D\u2019apr\u00e8s Olivier Vidal, chercheur au CNRS, nous devrions consommer dans les 30 prochaines ann\u00e9es l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de ce qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9tait consomm\u00e9 dans les 70\u00a0000 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. A moins de d\u00e9velopper des technologies utilisant des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res pr\u00e9sentes en plus grande quantit\u00e9 ou de mettre en place des fili\u00e8res de recyclage afin de p\u00e9renniser nos ressources (aujourd\u2019hui seulement 1% des terres rares sont recycl\u00e9es), le d\u00e9veloppement des technologies comme on les connait aujourd\u2019hui sera forc\u00e9ment frein\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">La pollution r\u00e9sultant de la technologie est \u00e9galement un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9cisif. Prenons l\u2019exemple de la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique. 2,5% de l\u2019empreinte carbone de la France est li\u00e9e au num\u00e9rique, ce qui repr\u00e9sente un peu plus que le secteur des d\u00e9chets (2%)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">[12]<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">. Le remplacement de l\u2019homme par les machines aura forc\u00e9ment un co\u00fbt \u00e9cologique ind\u00e9niable qui ne sera pas durable. Cela pose la question de la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper une technologie plus soutenable.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Outre la pollution directement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la technologie, nous avons pu observer que l\u2019automatisation \u00e9tait \u00e9conomiquement soutenable (cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emploi) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation de la consommation qui pouvait suivre son d\u00e9veloppement. Cependant, nous savons d\u00e9j\u00e0 que la surconsommation actuelle est un probl\u00e8me cl\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre pour limiter le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique. Pour \u00e9viter cette course \u00e0 la production tout en ayant une automatisation des t\u00e2ches, il faudrait trouver une organisation soci\u00e9tale o\u00f9 l\u2019humain n\u2019est plus d\u00e9pendant \u00e9conomiquement et socialement de son travail. Il faudrait donc trouver un autre r\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9 que de travailler ; cela demanderait d\u2019importantes transitions sociales, \u00e9conomiques, philosophiques et politiques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h3><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">L\u2019\u00e8re du tout robotique est encore loin de devenir une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un jour. De nombreux d\u00e9fis se pr\u00e9sentent pour que ce soit une piste s\u00e9rieuse pour notre futur. A moins de d\u00e9velopper des technologies plus complexes et moins polluantes qui s\u2019int\u00e8grent dans des \u00e9conomies circulaires,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ou encore de trouver des mod\u00e8les soci\u00e9taux r\u00e9volutionnaires, l\u2019humanit\u00e9 ne conna\u00eetra pas un monde peupl\u00e9 de robots.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Pour pousser plus loin cette r\u00e9flexion, il faudrait \u00e9galement \u00e9tudier les biais philosophiques et \u00e9thiques. Est-ce que le d\u00e9veloppement de la technologie, qui aujourd\u2019hui est en opposition totale \u00e0 la nature, est une volont\u00e9 partag\u00e9e par l\u2019ensemble de la population ? Id\u00e9ologiquement, est-il possible de se reconnecter au vivant, \u00e0 la nature tout en continuant \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper la technologie\u00a0? Il y a peut-\u00eatre des pistes \u00e0 trouver du c\u00f4t\u00e9 du bio-mim\u00e9tisme, afin de trouver des technologies plus organiques, plus en harmonie avec notre plan\u00e8te.<\/span><\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7aa7fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7aa7fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pauline Dennel&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb2aa5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb2aa5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e80e538\" data-id=\"e80e538\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00a1c11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00a1c11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fe6f85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fe6f85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[1] Zouinar, M. (2020). \u00c9volutions de l\u2019Intelligence Artificielle\u202f: quels enjeux pour l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine et la relation Humain-Machine au travail\u202f? Activit\u00e9s, 17\u20131. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/activites.4941\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/activites.4941<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[2] Lenglet, F. (2021, June 1). Les robots vont-ils voler nos emplois\u202f? <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"about:blank\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">www.rtl.fr.https:\/\/www.rtl.fr\/actu\/economie-consommation\/les-robots-vont-ils-nous-voler-nos-emplois-7900038679<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[3] McAfee, A., &amp; Brynjolfsson, E. (2017). Machine Platform Crowd: Harnessing our Digital Future. New York : W.W. Norton and Company.<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[4] Ford, M. (2016). Rise of the Robots. Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. New York : Basic Books<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[5] Frey, C.B., &amp; M.A. Osborne (2013). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerization? Working paper, Oxford : Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. DOI : 10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.08.019\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[6] Reports. (n.d.). World Economic Forum. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/reports\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/reports\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[7] France, H. (2023, March 14). L\u2019automatisation ne fait pas que cr\u00e9er ou d\u00e9truire des emplois, elle les transforme aussi &#8211; Harvard Business&#8230; HBR France. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hbrfrance.fr\/carriere\/lautomatisation-ne-fait-pas-que-creer-ou-detruire-des-emplois-elle-les-transforme-aussi-60003\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.hbrfrance.fr\/carriere\/lautomatisation-ne-fait-pas-que-creer-ou-detruire-des-emplois-elle-les-transforme-aussi-60003<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[8] Vignaud, M. (2019b, April 11). Les entreprises ont de plus en plus de difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 recruter. Le Point. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/economie\/les-entreprises-ont-de-plus-en-plus-de-difficultes-a-recruter-11-04-2019-2307199_28.php#11\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/economie\/les-entreprises-ont-de-plus-en-plus-de-difficultes-a-recruter-11-04-2019-2307199_28.php#11<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[9] Lepeltier, N. (2019b, August 5). La robotisation va-t-elle faire dispara\u00eetre des emplois ou bien en cr\u00e9er? Le Devoir. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ledevoir.com\/societe\/560041\/il-faut-tout-faire-pour-que-l-automatisation-des-metiers-favorise-l-emancipation-de-l-homme\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.ledevoir.com\/societe\/560041\/il-faut-tout-faire-pour-que-l-automatisation-des-metiers-favorise-l-emancipation-de-l-homme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[10] Impact environnemental d\u2019un robot. (n.d.). Techniques De L\u2019Ing\u00e9nieur. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.techniques-ingenieur.fr\/base-documentaire\/automatique-robotique-th16\/conception-modelisation-et-commande-en-robotique-42398210\/ecoconception-en-robotique-s7714\/impact-environnemental-d-un-robot-s7714niv10001.html\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.techniques-ingenieur.fr\/base-documentaire\/automatique-robotique-th16\/conception-modelisation-et-commande-en-robotique-42398210\/ecoconception-en-robotique-s7714\/impact-environnemental-d-un-robot-s7714niv10001.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[11] <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">ADEME. (s. d.). Les m\u00e9taux : des ressources qui pourraient manquer ?\u00a0 Consult\u00e9 le 26 juin 2023, \u00e0 l\u2019adresse <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/multimedia.ademe.fr\/infographies\/infographie-terres-rares-ademe\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/multimedia.ademe.fr\/infographies\/infographie-terres-rares-ademe\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[12] Num\u00e9rique\u202f: quel impact environnemental\u202f? &#8211; ADEME Infos. (2022, December 12). ADEME Infos. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/infos.ademe.fr\/magazine-avril-2022\/faits-et-chiffres\/numerique-quel-impact-environnemental\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/infos.ademe.fr\/magazine-avril-2022\/faits-et-chiffres\/numerique-quel-impact-environnemental\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-df86a9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"df86a9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ed6cda\" data-id=\"7ed6cda\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcd9607 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fcd9607\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-xl\" href=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/2023\/07\/13\/les-defis-du-dereglement-climatique\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-compass\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Retour \u00e0 la carte <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le rapport entre l\u2019humain et la machine, ou plus largement la technologie, peut para\u00eetre relativement simple. Pour nous d\u00e9velopper, nous adapter \u00e0 notre environnement, nous avons cr\u00e9\u00e9 des extensions de notre corps. Outils et savoir-faire, cet ensemble nous donne l\u2019occasion d\u2019aller plus loin que ce que nous permet notre existence premi\u00e8re. Dans cette logique la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-959","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ? - Association MIND<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ? - Association MIND\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le rapport entre l\u2019humain et la machine, ou plus largement la technologie, peut para\u00eetre relativement simple. Pour nous d\u00e9velopper, nous adapter \u00e0 notre environnement, nous avons cr\u00e9\u00e9 des extensions de notre corps. Outils et savoir-faire, cet ensemble nous donne l\u2019occasion d\u2019aller plus loin que ce que nous permet notre existence premi\u00e8re. Dans cette logique la [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Association MIND\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-17T09:56:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\\\/\",\"name\":\"Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ? - Association MIND\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-16T18:27:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-17T09:56:13+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Association MIND\",\"description\":\"Manager l\u2019Innovation Nantaise de Demain\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.assomind.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ? - Association MIND","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ? - Association MIND","og_description":"Le rapport entre l\u2019humain et la machine, ou plus largement la technologie, peut para\u00eetre relativement simple. Pour nous d\u00e9velopper, nous adapter \u00e0 notre environnement, nous avons cr\u00e9\u00e9 des extensions de notre corps. Outils et savoir-faire, cet ensemble nous donne l\u2019occasion d\u2019aller plus loin que ce que nous permet notre existence premi\u00e8re. Dans cette logique la [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/","og_site_name":"Association MIND","article_modified_time":"2023-07-17T09:56:13+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/","url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/","name":"Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ? - Association MIND","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg","datePublished":"2023-07-16T18:27:42+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-17T09:56:13+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-8439093-1024x684.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/robots-ia-un-futur-ou-nous-naurons-plus-besoin-de-travailler\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Robots, IA, un futur o\u00f9 nous n\u2019aurons plus besoin de travailler ?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/","name":"Association MIND","description":"Manager l\u2019Innovation Nantaise de Demain","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=959"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1181,"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/959\/revisions\/1181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.assomind.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}